WASHINGTON – A divided Supreme Court ruled Tuesday that a Border Patrol agent in Texas who shot across the border and killed a teen in Mexico cannot be sued by the boy’s parents for the death.

That case is almost identical to a cross-border shooting in Nogales, where courts had said the family could sue the Border Patrol agent – a decision that could be reversed by Tuesday’s Supreme Court decision.

The 5-4 decision said Congress has refused to allow such cross-border lawsuits and that courts should not take the place of lawmakers in such disputes, when diplomatic and national security issues could be affected.

“This case features multiple factors that counsel hesitation … but they can all be condensed to one concern – respect for separation of powers,” Justice Samuel Alito wrote for the majority.

“Congress’s decision not to provide a judicial remedy does not compel us to step into its shoes,” Alito wrote.

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissented, joined by Justices Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan. Ginsburg said the families were only trying to apply U.S. law to the actions of “rogue” officers who were in the U.S. at the time they pulled the trigger, and that the victim’s “location at the precise moment the bullet landed should not matter one whit” to the claims.

Ginsburg rejected the government’s argument that allowing the family to sue would affect U.S.-Mexico relations, noting that Mexico has said the exact opposite: That blocking the family’s lawsuit “is what has the potential to affect international relations.”

But when U.S. Border Patrol Agent Jesus Mesa rode up on his bike, he later said, he thought the youths were trying to cross the border. When he told them to stop, he said they began throwing rocks.

Mesa drew his service weapon and fired twice at Hernández, who was hiding being concrete pillar. Hernández, then 15, was hit once in the face and killed.

A Justice Department review of the case concluded that Mesa’s actions in the shooting had not violated Border Patrol regulations. The government did not bring charges against Mesa and it refused Mexico’s request to extradite him for prosecution in that country, sparking a lawsuit by Sergio’s family.

In 2012, Border Patrol Agent Lonnie Swartz was on duty in Nogales when court documents say he opened fire across the border, firing 14 to 30 bullets through the border fence. Jose Antonio Rodriguez, a 16-year-old who was walking down the street on the Mexican side of the border, was hit in the back by 10 of those bullets, killing him.

After a federal jury in Tucson acquitted Swartz, Jose’s family filed suit against Swartz.

The 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the Hernández family suit in Texas, but the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said the Rodriguez case in Arizona could proceed. Both decisions were appealed to the Supreme Court, which heard the Texas case.

The Mexican Embassy in Washington said Tuesday that it did not immediately have a response to the court’s ruling. But attorneys who filed briefs in support of the Hernández family said the ruling “undermines accountability and integrity” of the government.

Matt Adams, director of the legal center at Northwest Immigrant Rights project, said the ruling is “really disappointing and obliterates any kind of accountability in abuses and violations by Customs and Border Protection,” which can “wash its hands” of its responsibilities.

“If there is a right, there is a remedy, and it’s very unfortunate that the parents of Sergio Hernández don’t have a remedy when clearly his constitutional rights were violated,” she said.

American Civil Liberties Union attorney Lee Gelernt, who represents the Rodriguez family in the Nogales case, said in a statement that “the Constitution does not stop at the border.”

“The gravity of this ruling could not be clearer given the Trump administration’s militarized rhetoric and policies targeting people at the border,” Gelernt said.

Sean Chapman, the attorney defending Swartz, would only said he will review Tuesday’s decision and asses its impact on the Nogales case.

But David Gans, a civil rights director at the Constitutional Accountability Center, said the ruling leaves few options for the families.

“The court has closed the courthouse doors on those victimized by federal officers, leaving them with no remedy,” Gans said in a news release.

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